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What are electron configurations used to predict?

What are electron configurations used to predict?

Electron configurations help make predictions about how certain elements will react. An atom is most reactive when its valence shell is not full and most stable when its valence orbitals are full. Elements that have the same number of valence electrons often have similar properties.

How do you determine the atomic size of an element?

The size of an atom can be estimated by measuring the distance between adjacent atoms in a covalent compound. The covalent radius of a chlorine atom, for example, is half the distance between the nuclei of the atoms in a Cl2 molecule.

What depends on atomic size and electronic configuration?

The protons in the nucleus attract the valence electrons in the outer energy level because of opposite electrostatic charges. The strength of this attraction depends on the size of the charges, the distance between the charges, and the number of electrons in-between the nucleus and the valence electrons.

How is atomic number related to electronic configuration?

As stated, the electron configuration of each element is unique to its position on the periodic table. The energy level is determined by the period and the number of electrons is given by the atomic number of the element. Each orbital can be represented by specific blocks on the periodic table.

How do you predict the number of electrons?

For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the atom’s main group number. The main group number for an element can be found from its column on the periodic table. For example, carbon is in group 4 and has 4 valence electrons. Oxygen is in group 6 and has 6 valence electrons.

How can you predict the electronic structure of an atom?

Predicting an electronic structure The electronic structure of an atom can be predicted from the atom’s atomic number . For example, the atomic number of sodium is 11. Sodium atoms have 11 protons and so 11 electrons: This electronic structure is written as 2,8,1 (each comma separates one shell from the next).

How are atomic size related to the number of protons electrons in atoms?

As you move to the right, the atomic number increases, meaning the number of protons increases. In addition, the number of electrons increases. So, in general, the atomic radius shrinks as the atomic number increases across a single row, except when you get to the noble gas.

How does atomic size vary on the periodic table?

In general, the atomic radius decreases as we move from left to right in a period with an increase in the nuclear charge of the element. The atomic radius increases when we go down a group because of the addition of an extra shell.

What are the factors that affect for the atomic size?

The actual trends that are observed with atomic size have to do with three factors. These factors are: the number of protons in the nucleus (called the nuclear charge). the number of energy levels holding electrons and the number of electrons in the outer energy level.

How does the atomic size vary in a group and across a period explain with suitable example?

Across the period from left to right there is a decrease in atomic size with increase in nuclear charge of the element. Atomic size increases down the group because of the addition of extra shells. So, as we move from group 1 to group 18 the size of the atom will decrease due to increased effective nuclear charge.

How does electron configuration work?

Electron configurations are written so as to clearly display the number of electrons in the atom as well as the number of electrons in each orbital. Each orbital is written in sequence, with the number of electrons in each orbital written in superscript to the right of the orbital name.

How does the electronic configuration of an atom relate to its position in the modern predictable?

The electronic configuration of an atom helps us to predict the position of the atom in the periodic table. (i) The number of the outermost shell corresponds to the period. (ii) The number of electrons in the outermost shell corresponds to group in the periodic table.

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